Adrenergic drugs stimulate specific nerves by mimicking or promoting chemical messengers epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones, also known as noradrenaline and adrenaline, are produced by the adrenal gland, hence their correlation with the term adrenergic. The prominent role of norepinephrine and epinephrine is to mediate the fight-or-flight response. Therefore, they constrict blood vessels (vasoconstriction), which increases blood pressure, and accelerates the rate and force of heart contractions. Adrenergic drugs that produce or inhibit these effects are known as sympathomimetic agents and sympatholytic agents, respectively. These drugs are used in many life-threatening conditions, including asthma, cardiac arrest, shock, or allergic reactions.
Indirect-acting sympathomimetic drugs such as ephedrine, which is sometimes used as a nasal decongestant, and amphetamines. These substances act mainly through mechanisms that release catecholamines from their storage sites in nerve terminals. Amphetamine drugs also have strong effects on the brain, causing excitement and euphoria and reducing appetite, which leads to their use in treating obesity. Their effects on the brain support their recreational use as agents to improve athletic performance. These drugs can cause addiction, and over dosage may have dangerous cardiovascular and psychological effects.
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